Why the Dutch dictionary has a new word for labia

Can you imagine seeing the words "shame lips" on your medical notes? The term, which can also be translated as "pubic lips," is the Dutch word for a crucial part of female anatomy. However, for many, it’s a relic of a past where language surrounding women’s bodies was steeped in stigma and judgment, a practice that is now being challenged and rewritten. Last month, a significant step was taken when the leading Dutch dictionary, Dikke van Dale, announced it would include a new, more neutral term for the labia – "vulvalippen" – in its upcoming online addition, alongside the traditional and often criticized term "schaamlippen." This move by the esteemed dictionary signals a growing societal readiness to embrace more accurate and less judgmental language when discussing female anatomy, sexuality, and health.

European campaigners have been at the forefront of this linguistic reform, advocating for a complete overhaul of terms used to describe women’s bodies, sexuality, and health. Their collective goal is to move away from terminology that is frequently perceived as misogynistic, judgmental, or rooted in shame. Shari Klein, a co-founder of the "Schaamteloos" campaign, which actively targets Dutch words beginning with "schaam" (meaning shame), emphasizes the profound impact of language. "Language shapes how we see ourselves," Klein states. "It’s crucial people have a more neutral, anatomically correct word – not a word that links to shame, whether consciously or sub-consciously." This sentiment underscores the belief that the words we use can directly influence self-perception and contribute to a healthier, more empowered relationship with one’s own body.

The call for the adoption of "vulvalippen" is not a new phenomenon. However, its inclusion in a prominent dictionary like Dikke van Dale is seen by campaigners as a pivotal moment, suggesting that society is "finally ready for change." Esther Van der Valk, an active member of the well-known Dutch feminist group Dolle Mina, views this development as intrinsically linked to the broader movement of sex positivity and the urgent need to reduce body shaming. The campaign’s immediate future plans involve engaging with medical professionals and public health officials to encourage the use of "vulvalippen" in official leaflets, consultations, and educational materials. This proactive approach aims to embed the new terminology within the very systems that inform and educate individuals about their bodies.

Ton den Boon, the editor of Dikke van Dale, explained that the decision to add "vulvalippen" was justified by its increasing prevalence in modern language. He noted its growing presence in media, biology textbooks, medical leaflets, and even in veterinary medicine, indicating a broader linguistic shift. While the dictionary’s acknowledgment is a significant victory, the ultimate widespread adoption of "vulvalippen" remains to be seen. The Netherlands is not alone in grappling with linguistically charged terms; other Dutch words related to male and female anatomy also carry problematic connotations. Examples include "schaam haar" (pubic or shame hair), "schaam been" (pubic or shame bone), and even "schaam lice" for pubic lice. These terms, like "schaamlippen," are laden with a sense of secrecy and negativity.

However, critics of such linguistic changes often argue that altering a word alone may not fundamentally alter deeply ingrained societal attitudes or individual experiences. The Dutch campaign is part of a larger international movement. In Germany, a similar initiative began in 2018 when journalists Gunda Windmüller and Mithu Sanyal launched a petition to replace "Shamlippen" (shame lips) with "Vulvalippen." Windmüller was motivated by her experiences and conversations with gynecologists who highlighted the shame some women experience when discussing their bodies or undergoing medical examinations. During her research for an article, she realized the pervasive nature of the word "shame" even when discussing basic anatomy. While "Vulvalippen" has not yet been formally adopted by a German dictionary, Windmüller has observed its increasing use in everyday conversations, school textbooks, and women’s magazines. She expresses hope that the Dutch dictionary’s decision will inspire greater momentum and support for similar linguistic reforms closer to home.

The impact of linguistic reform is also evident in Sweden, where a new word for "hymen" was introduced into the academic dictionary following a campaign initiated in 2009. The Swedish Association for Sexuality Education (RFSU) argued that the traditional term, "mandomshinna," which translates to "maidenhood skin" or "virginity membrane," was not only anatomically inaccurate but also perpetuated harmful myths surrounding hymens and virginity. The new term, "slidkrans," translates to "vaginal corona," more accurately reflecting the hymen’s structure as often consisting of folds of tissue arranged in a ring rather than a solid seal that invariably breaks. Sonja Ghaderi of RFSU stated, "With a new word, we can challenge the myths that seek to control women’s sexuality and freedom." While "slidkrans" is gaining traction, particularly among healthcare professionals and in youth clinics, Ghaderi acknowledges that misinformation persists, underscoring the ongoing need to address and change deeply embedded social constructs.

In the United Kingdom, a similar effort is underway to address problematic medical terminology. Feminist podcast host Nicola Denson-Elliott initiated a petition to replace the term "hysterectomy" (the surgical removal of the womb) with "uterectomy." Denson-Elliott, along with other advocates, points out that "hysterectomy" has linguistic ties to "hysteria," a term historically used to describe a supposed medical condition characterized by emotional excess in women. She advocates for a more "anatomically correct term" that is not "associated with emotion." The petition boldly describes the continued use of "hysterectomy" as "medical misogyny" and asserts that "Women deserve terminology that respects them."

Linguistics researcher Dr. Beth Malory cautions that while the intent behind these linguistic changes is commendable, careful research is essential to ensure the effectiveness and clarity of new terminology. "Will people understand uterectomy? Is simply saying removal of the womb better?" she poses. Malory emphasizes that new words must not be ambiguous and that changes should be considered within the broader linguistic system to avoid confusion. Her research also delves into the language surrounding pregnancy and loss, highlighting terms that can cause significant emotional distress. One such phrase is "incompetent cervix," used to describe a shortening of the cervix that increases the risk of pregnancy loss and premature birth. Women who have experienced this have reported feeling blamed for the medical issue.

Obstetrician Dr. Brooke Vandermolen echoes these concerns, questioning the necessity of using "judgmental words like failure or incompetence." She notes that despite appearing in medical textbooks, she has actively moved away from certain terms, including "failure to progress," which describes labor that is not advancing as expected. "Language is incredibly important, and the words we choose can show recognition and make people feel validated and seen," Dr. Vandermolen asserts. In 2022, the Royal College of Midwives released guidance offering alternative phrases to promote more sensitive and accurate communication. However, Dr. Vandermolen points out that some traditional, distressing terms are still in use. She expresses hope that the linguistic shift in the Netherlands will catalyze more conversations in the UK regarding the language used to discuss women’s bodies, recognizing the lasting impact of our words. The journey towards more respectful and accurate terminology is ongoing, with each new word and campaign representing a significant stride in challenging outdated norms and empowering individuals with language that truly reflects and validates their experiences.